By Jonathan M. Thurn, Anne Cuyler Salsich
Title: James Caldwell McCullough Papers, 1906-1949, undated
ID: RG 30/053
Primary Creator: McCullough, James Caldwell (1884-1963)
Extent: 3.9 Linear Feet
Arrangement:
SERIES DESCRIPTIONS
Series 1. Biographical File, 1911-1949 and undated (5 Folders, 0.10 I.f.)
The Biographical File is arranged alphabetically by subject. This series includes newspaper articles clipped from local sources, letters from Oberlin College, and professional membership documents. Several examples of McCullough's and his son's, Uel, fingerprints are in a restricted file here. In addition, as McCullough was the executor for the estate of Edward Dickinson (1853-1946), his friend and colleague in the Oberlin Conservatory of Music, McCullough's papers include Dickinson's will—and several earlier editions—and the correspondence relating to its fulfillment.
Series 2. Correspondence, 1907-48 (24 Folders, 0.50 I.f.)
This series is organized alphabetically by individual or company. McCullough's correspondents are generally companies selling chemical or photographic supplies, persons involved in chemistry or photography, and a few Oberlin College faculty members and former students. A majority of his correspondence is letters received, but some are carbon copies of letters sent. In addition, this series includes a few autographed letters by McCullough. Among his more significant correspondents, Harry N. Holmes and Frank F. Jewett were colleagues. Their letters debated the merits of allowing McCullough, who never earned his doctorate, to become a full professor. McCullough's correspondence with Oberlin College Presidents Henry C. King and Ernest H. Wilkins were mainly of an official nature.
Series 3. Writings, 1906, 1920-36, 1941-43, and undated (3 Folders, 0.15 I.f.)
The writings of James Caldwell McCullough consist of published and unpublished works arranged chronologically. They include all but his earliest published works in scientific journals, his thesis for his BS degree from Case, "A Study of the Synthetic Formation of Indigo," and his mimeographed laboratory manuals for Physical Chemistry, and a course in photography. McCullough's copies of William Chapin's texts and lab manuals have been removed to Chapin's collection.
Series 4. Architectural Work, 1928-31 and undated (3 Folders, 0.05 I.f. and oversize)
This series consists of records from the Location, Plans, and Construction of College Buildings Committee, which formed to consider the building and renovation of several buildings on campus. It includes a textural description of building use and funding for a Hall Auditorium; two architectural drawing photostats of the Eastman School of Music Auditorium in Rochester, New York; four floor plan photostats and planning documents for the proposed renovation projects for Wilder Hall. It also includes miscellaneous architectural drawings of the James Brand House, ca. 1928, Men's Building (Wilder Hall) 1930, Graduate School of Theology, Bosworth Quadrangle, and several proposed freshman dormitories. Of great interest are several large photostats of Cass Gilbert's plans for the Oberlin College Auditorium (Hall Auditorium), ca. 1931.
Series 5. Photographic Materials, 1907-08, ca. 1910-45, and undated (2.10 I.f.)
This series contains glass and film slides, autochromes and stereoscopic slides, glass and film negatives, photographic prints, and an album containing photographs of McCullough's classes, ca. 1919-45. A majority of the slides, photographs, and negatives are of Oberlin buildings, natural areas and the campus landscape. The series also included negatives that may have been nitrate; these were scanned and discarded, and prints were made in 2014 from the scanned images for reference purposes.
Date Acquired: 04/28/1971. More info below under Accruals.
Forms of Material: architectural records, glass plate negatives, letters (correspondence), manuscripts, photograph albums, photographs--autochromes, photographs--lantern slides, photographs - negatives (photographic), photographs - photographic prints, photographs--slides, photographs--stereoscopic photographs, publications, wills
Languages: English
The papers of James Caldwell McCullough document his greatest interests–photography and chemistry. His personal and professional correspondence and laboratory manuals make up the bulk of his collection. McCullough's letters document his professionalism through his dealings with other corporations and with the college itself. He never received a doctorate in his field, but he managed to convince the college that his years of service and experience surmounted his limited schooling. McCullough's correspondence with Harry N. Holmes and Frank Fanning Jewett detail this process. Thus, he became a full professor. However, aside from testimonies from former students, McCullough's laboratory manuals are our only guide to his effectiveness as an instructor.
Also of interest are McCullough's records of the Location, Plans and Construction of College Buildings Committee. These files exemplify the planning documentation used in the program phase of design conception during the 1930s and 40s. As a secretary of the committee, he collected architectural renderings of buildings to be build or renovated including several drawings by Cass Gilbert. Unfortunately, his records do not document why the committee failed to implement any of its proposals.
In addition, McCullough was a prolific amateur photographer. Half of his over 450 slides illustrate the built environment of the Oberlin College campus. The other half illustrate his fascination with natural phenomena, such as forests, lakes, rivers, and waterfalls. Of other interest is the photographic album in which McCullough reverently kept photographs of his academic classes through most of his teaching years. McCullough's collection is full of his personal and professional life at Oberlin.
However, this collection fails to adequately document McCullough's activities from his adolescence through his undergraduate years.
The collection is divided into the following series: 1. Biographical File; 2. Correspondence; 3. Writings; 4. Architectural Work; and 5. Photographic Materials.
James Caldwell McCullough taught chemistry at Oberlin for four decades. He was active in college and community affairs, and on his own initiative, cultured his interests in metallurgy and photography. McCullough was born in Mansfield, Ohio on 15 August 1884 to Dr. (MD) Adam Hales and Alice Carey Caldwell McCullough. Unfortunately, little is known about his youth and teen years.
McCullough received his BS and MS from the Case School of Applied Science (now part of Case Western Reserve University) in 1906 and 1910, respectively. After completing his bachelor degree, McCullough worked as a chemist for the Dow Chemical Company in Midland, Michigan, until he accepted the position of Instructor of Chemistry at Oberlin College in 1907.
At Oberlin, among fellow colleagues William Chapin and Harry N. Holmes, McCullough taught theory of industrial chemistry, inorganic preparations, food chemistry, and photography. He was an assistant to Professor Frank Fanning Jewett. However, physical chemistry eventually became his major responsibility. In McCullough's Memorial Minute (Oberlin Alumni Magazine, January 1965), Luke Steiner (OC '24 and chairman of the chemistry department) praised McCullough's laboratory experiments and his talent for instrumentation. Apparently, McCullough was so adept in the use of scientific apparatuses that colleagues and research students would seek his assistance in designing and assembling apparatuses or in diagnosing difficulties with instruments.
In 1911, McCullough was promoted to associate and, in 1926, after taking summer graduate courses in chemistry and radioactivity at the University of Chicago (1913-14), he was promoted to full professor over the opposition of Holmes. He took sabbatical leaves in 1946-47, to pursue graduate studies in chemistry at the University of California in Berkeley, and in 1935-36, he toured more than thirty colleges and universities across the United States and Canada, to attend classes and study methods.
He served as secretary and an acoustical consultant on the Location, Plans, and Construction of College Buildings Committee (1928-34). During his service, the committee considered proposals to renovate the Men's Building (now Wilder Hall) and to build several freshman dormitories. However, aside from laying the groundwork for the construction of Hall Auditorium, the College's Buildings Committee, during McCullough's terms, did not create any lasting impression on campus.
McCullough, however, had a great sense of civic responsibility. During the "Great Depression," he participated in the Oberlin Relief Program. For twelve years (1934-46), he was a member of the Oberlin Village Council and served as vice chairman, chairman (1945), and police judge (1945) while rarely missing a meeting. At times, McCullough was the acting mayor of Oberlin. He also had an active religious life. McCullough and his wife attended the Second Congregational Church in Oberlin until 1920, then First Church where he was a member of the board of deacons, and where he helped restore the interior of the church to its nineteenth century luster.
McCullough's lifelong interests included physical chemistry, metallography, metal welding, and photography. He was a longtime member and past president of the Oberlin Exchange Club. Professional societies readily recognized him, as he received a fellowship from the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1933) and memberships in the American Association of University Professors, the American Chemical Society (1918), Sigma Xi, and Tau Beta Pi.
He was also noted in Who's Who in American Chemistry (1949) and American Men of Science (1949) after publishing "Blast Lamp for Natural Gas," in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1915; "Welding Thermocouples in the Electric Arc," and "Prevention of Case Hardening by Copper Plating" in Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 1920 and 1924; and "The Protective Action of Copper in Case Carburizing," in Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, 1922. After undertaking special research for the Conklin Fountain Pen Company in 1920-21, McCullough patented a technique for welding high chromium alloy to gold for fountain pen tips.
McCullough married Mary Uel Parsons (1884-1975), a 1907 graduate of Oberlin College, on 9 September 1907 at the First Congregational Church, Mansfield, Ohio. They had two children, Katharine Caldwell McCullough (AB '32, 1911- ) and Uel Parsons McCullough (AB '36, 1913-1985). Katharine later married Albert Grant.
Upon his retirement from teaching in 1949, Oberlin named McCullough an emeritus professor. He maintained his legal residence in Oberlin, but toured the country’s national parks by car and trailer. These travels continued until his health forced them to assume a more permanent residence on Mission Bay near San Diego. James McCullough died in San Diego, California on 7 November 1963 of an unknown illness.
Sources Consulted: Faculty File of James Caldwell McCullough, Alumni Records (RG 28/4), and the papers of James Caldwell McCullough (RG 30/53), OCA. Student Files of Mary Parsons McCullough and Uel Parsons McCullough (RG 28/3), OCA. Case Files of James Caldwell McCullough, Edward Dickinson, and William H. Chapin. The Oberlin News, 10 September 1907.
Repository: Oberlin College Archives
Access Restrictions: One folder restricted; see inventory. Glass photographic materials require special handling.
Acquisition Method: The Oberlin College Archives received the papers of James Caldwell McCullough from Katharine McCullough Grant, his daughter, on 28 April 1971.
Related Materials: See the papers of William H. Chapin (RG 30/286) for copies of Chapin's chemistry texts and lab manuals removed from McCullough's collection. Also see Chapin's collection for examples of chemistry teaching methods in the early twentieth century.
Finding Aid Revision History: Processed by Jonathan M. Thurn, 6 July 1999 and revised June 2000. Photographic materials processed by Anne Cuyler Salsich, August 2014.
James Brand House, 1928; Proposed Men's Building, 1930; Oberlin Auditorium, Proposed by Cass Gilbert, 1931; Graduate School of Theology Library, Proposed, undated; Freshman Dormitories, Proposed; Graduate School of Theology and Bosworth Quadrangle, undated.
See Architectural Records (RG 53) pages 27-28 for complete description.
