Asa Mahan Presidential Papers, 1764-1995

SERIES DESCRIPTIONS

Series 1. Correspondence, 1835-1836, 1845, 1884

Series 1 is organized into two subseries consisting of original correspondence and non-original correspondence.

  Subseries 1. Original Correspondence, 1835, 1884

The original correspondence consists of two letters written by Asa Mahan in 1835 (to Nathan P. Fletcher) and 1884 (to "My Dear Daughter").

  Subseries 2. Non-Original Correspondence, 1836, 1845

The non-original correspondence includes a photocopy of an 1845 letter written to Hamilton Hill (Original is in the Hamilton College Archives. The letter was reportedly sent by President Henry Churchill King to someone who requested a Mahan autograph). The remaining non-original material consists of printed correspondence from Letters of James Gillespie Birney, 1831-1857, Volume 1, edited by Dwight L. Dumond (New York, 1938).

Series 2. Original Documents, 1850, 1853, 1874, undated

This series contains documents relating to Mahan's disagreements with the Oberlin faculty and Board of Trustees. Includes the ten-point indictment of Mahan drawn up by the faculty in 1850, and extracts from an appeal presented to the Board of Trustees by Mahan on August 23, 1854. This series also includes a Holy Bible (1874), originally presented to Mrs. A.B. Mumford by Asa Mahan in 1886.

Series 3. Writings by Asa Mahan, 1836, 1848, 1851, 1855, 1883, 1889-1890

Series 3 is separated into two subseries, Writings by Asa Mahan, Originals and Writings by Asa Mahan, Photocopies.

  Subseries 1. Writings by Asa Mahan, Originals

This subseries contains original writings by Asa Mahan, including Principles of Christian Union, and Church Fellowship (1836), Mahan's address before the National Educational Convention at Cleveland on August 20, 1851 on the "Character and Comparative Merits of the Old and New System of Liberal Education," Introduction to the Critical History of Philosophy (1883), Modern Mysteries Explained and Exposed (1855) and Science and Moral Philosophy (1848).

  Subseries 2. Writings by Asa Mahan, Photocopies, 1889-1890

The non-original writings include photocopies of Mahan's writings in The Divine Light, 1889-1890.

Series 4. Writings About Asa Mahan, ca. 1859, ca. 1884-1894, 1935-1985

Consists of writings about Mahan, both published and unpublished. Included is a folder of writings relating to the short-lived Cleveland University.

Series 5. Family Information and Genealogy, 1764-1990s

Series 5 contains genealogy and family information on Mahan. The bulk of the material was compiled by Kenneth Roose, former Professor of Economics, who was a descendant of Mahan. Two cards from 1889 and 1894 announce the death of Mahan and his second wife, respectively. A 1922 letter accompanied the transfer of Mahan's scale (housed in the Objects Collection, RG 35). Also included are photocopies of letters, articles, family histories, genealogical charts, and Revolutionary War service records of Mahan's father, Samuel.

Asa Mahan was born in Vernon, New York on November 9, 1799, the son of Samuel (1760-1840) and Anna Dana Mahan (1778-1842). Like his parents, Asa Mahan experienced a religious conversion as a young man and retained a preoccupation with personal salvation and sin.

Mahan graduated from Hamilton College (New York) in 1824 and from Andover Theological Seminary (Massachusetts) in 1827. He was ordained in Pittsford, New York in 1829, and later installed as minister of the Sixth Presbyterian Church in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1831. It was during this period in Cincinnati, as a member of Lane Seminary's Board of Trustees and the Cincinnati Colonization Society, that Mahan came to the attention of the founders of the Oberlin Collegiate Institute.

In 1835, a rebellion broke out in Cincinnati among the students of Lane Seminary due to arguments over abolitionism. When the students favored immediate emancipation and condemned the efforts of colonization, the Lane trustees and faculty prohibited all further antislavery action and discussion in the interest of the Seminary's welfare. After the faculty's and trustees' decision, a majority of the students requested honorable dismission. Mahan was the only dissenter among the Lane trustees. Professor John Morgan (1802-1884), another antislavery advocate, was dismissed from the Lane faculty.

Two years after the founding of the Oberlin Collegiate Institute in December 1833, the enterprise was on the brink of financial collapse. Oberlin's founder John Jay Shipherd (1802-1844) traveled to Lane Seminary to meet with Asa Mahan and John Morgan to work out a plan to transfer the dissenting Lane students and fortify Oberlin's student body. Morgan was invited to join the faculty, and Mahan was asked to become Oberlin's first president. The arrangement was contingent upon Oberlin's guarantee of their freedom of speech and a promise to admit Black students.

Shipherd and Mahan traveled to New York to seek help from merchants Arthur (1786-1865) and Lewis Tappan (1788-1873) in underwriting the transfer of the Lane students. The Tappan brothers agreed to finance the hiring of Mahan and Morgan and six other professors if Charles Grandison Finney (1792-1875) the country's leading Christian evangelist was also hired to head the Oberlin theological department. Finney agreed to come to Oberlin, but only if the Oberlin trustees yielded control of all internal affairs of the college to the faculty, known as the Finney Compact.

Mahan was appointed President of the Oberlin Collegiate Institute on January 1, 1835. He was named Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy and Associate Professor of Theology and received a salary of $600. Mahan supported all of the prevailing Oberlin ideas and doctrines and used his new assignment at Oberlin to promote the claims of emancipation, equal coeducation, and the "new education," which was eventually established at Harvard University by Charles William Eliot (1834-1926).

Mahan wrote for the Oberlin Evangelist and the Oberlin Quarterly Review. These outlets provided a forum for his religious philosophy.  He started the protest against the prevailing Oberlin Calvinism by advocating the doctrine of possible sanctification as opposed to"total depravity. He became an advocate for more reasonable faith in religion, and a greater justice in the social realm.

Mahan's beliefs aroused opposition from his colleagues who sometimes felt that his strong views created unnecessary hostility against Oberlin College. Within the College itself, Mahan found himself in frequent quarrels with the Oberlin faculty. Reduced to a low level of executive discretion through the Finney Compact, his opinions and personality placed him at odds with the faculty. In assessing the causes of the conflict, historian Robert S. Fletcher (1900-1959) identified Mahan's "impervious and overbearing personality." His biographer, Edward H. Madden (OC 1946), focused on Mahan's intense commitment to reform.

The Oberlin faculty made their first open call for Mahan's departure in the 1840s because Mahan's constant criticism of their behavior, and his opinions on what he called their lukewarm commitment to Oberlin perfectionism. The first attempt failed to elicit unanimous support. In 1850, in a show of unanimity, the faculty drew up a ten-count indictment of Mahan's behavior and challenged him to purge his self-esteem by confessing guilt on each count. After lengthy negotiations Mahan resigned in August 1850. Gathering a small group of friends and students he left to found Cleveland University. There he hoped to fulfill his educational and moral goals in a more promising environment. Eight of his first eleven graduates of his short-lived institution were former Oberlin students.

After the demise of Cleveland University, Mahan traveled to Michigan filling pastorates in Jackson and Adrian. In 1861 he was Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy and later President at Adrian College, serving there until 1871.

In 1874 he moved to England where he lived for the last fifteen years of his life. He continued to be an active writer and scholar.  He edited The Divine Light (1877-1889) and wrote seven of his eighteen books.

In 1828 he married Mary Hartwell Dix (1802-1863). Together they had seven children: Anna J. (1829-1911); Lucy D. (1831-1880); Theodore S. (1834-1863); Mary K. (1837-1924); Sarah S. (1840-1875); Elizabeth M. (1843-1865); and Almira, (1846-1882). Four of his children attended Oberlin College (Anna, Lucy, Mary, Theodore), but only Anna received a degree. In 1866, three years after the death of his first wife, Mahan married Mary E. Munsell (1814-1894), the widow of Rev. Silas S. Chase (1813-1864) of Cincinnati. Asa Mahan died in Eastbourne, England on April 4, 1889.

SOURCES CONSULTED

Blodgett, Geoffrey, "Asa Mahan at Oberlin: The Pitfalls of Perfection,” Oberlin Alumni Magazine, Spring 1984 pp.24-27.

Bradley, Dr. Dan F., "Oberlin Theology--From Mahan to Horton,” Oberlin Alumni Magazine, March 1933 pp.166-168.

Fletcher, Robert S., A History of Oberlin College (2 vols), 1943.

Madden, Edward H., "A Sesquicentennial Look at Asa Mahan,” Oberlin Alumni Magazine, Winter 1983 pp.8-14.

Madden, Edward H. and James E. Hamilton, Freedom and Grace: The Life of Asa Mahan, 1982.

Zikmund, Barbara Brown, Asa Mahan and Oberlin Perfectionism, (Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University), 1969.

Congregational Year Book, 1890 p. 30.

Oberlin Review, April 30, 1889.