Title: Ellsworth C. Carlson Papers, 1935-2012, n.d.

ID: RG 30/176

Extent: 7.96 Linear Feet

Ellsworth Clayton Carlson was the first son born to Frank Emanuel and Gladys (Veghte) Carlson in Bridgeport, Connecticut, on May 27, 1917. Both Frank and Gladys graduated from the University of Nebraska. Frank Carlson also attended Yale University School of Divinity, following his calling to be a Congregational minister. The Carlsons moved around a great deal during Ellsworth's childhood, living in Helena, Montana, Portland, Oregon, Olympia, Washington, and Pocatello, Idaho. Carlson graduated from Pocatello High School in 1935. Carlson enrolled at Oberlin College in the Fall of 1935, graduating in 1939 with Phi Beta Kappa honors and his A.B. degree in History.

Like a good number of Oberlin students during the 1930s, Carlson's concerns about world peace led him to join the Oberlin Peace Society. In 1939, Carlson was chosen to serve as an "Oberlin in China" rep for the Oberlin Shansi Memorial Association (OSMA); he taught English in China from 1939-43. Due to his strong interest in China, Carlson remained there during the war, working as Administrative Secretary, National Student Relief Committee, in Chungking, China from 1943-44. Utilizing the knowledge he gained in the Far East, Carlson was able to fill jobs as Regional Planner, Office of Strategic Services (1944-45), and Country Specialist, United States Department of State (1945-47).

When he returned to the U.S., Carlson completed his formal education. He studied under both Edwin Reischauer and John Fairbank at Harvard University, graduating with his M.A. in 1949, and his Ph.D in History in 1952.

In the Fall of 1950, Carlson joined the faculty ranks at Oberlin College as Assistant Professor of History. Carlson soon was granted tenure and promoted to Associate Professor (1954-62), and later to Professor of History (1962). Courses taught and created by Carlson include Modern China, Modern India, and Traditional Chinese Civilization.

As an OSMA board member for more than thirty years, Carlson traveled extensively, teaching and doing research in the Philippines, Taiwan, India, and Hong Kong. On campus, he acted as Shansi's leading spokesperson.

Carlson gave significant service to Oberlin College. Not only did Carlson serve as Provost from 1969-74, but also was elected Acting President in July-August 1970, and again from February 1974 - April 1975. His service as President occurred during tumultuous times at Oberlin. When Emil C. Dannenberg was selected as Oberlin's eleventh President, Carlson returned to teaching full-time as Professor of History (1975-81) and East Asian Studies (1977-81). While Carlson retired in 1981, he continued to remain professionally active and to serve as Honorary Trustee for the OSMA Board.

While teaching and serving as an administrator, Carlson managed to produce some scholarship. His publications have included The Kaiping Mines ,1877-1912 (1957), "The Wu-shih-shan Incident of 1878" (Festschrift for Frederick B. Artz, 1964), "Obstacles to Missionary Success in Nineteenth Century China" (Asian Studies, 1966), The Foochow Missionaries, 1847-1880 (1974), "Oberlin in Asia : The First Hundred Years, 1882-1982," and numerous other reviews, essays, and notes.

Carlson was a professional member of the American Association of University Professors, the American Historical Association, the Association for Asian Studies, and the Society of Ch'ing Studies.

For his many professional accomplishments Carlson was recognized. Included were: the Social Science Research Council Fellowship Award (1949-50), Fulbright Lecturer, University of the Philippines (1956-57), Fulbright-Hays Faculty Fellowship, University Science Center, Hong Kong (1967-68), Honorary Research Associate in East Asian Studies, Harvard University (1975-76), and the Oberlin News-Tribune's Oberlinian of the Year Award, 1974.

While a Shansi rep, Carlson married Florence ("Bobbie") Dunn. Bobbie, a native of Los Angeles, California, was also an Oberlin alumnus (OC'40) and Shansi rep to China. The couple not only met in China, but also decided to marry there on Christmas Day, 1943. The Carlson children include James R. Carlson (OC'69), Frank S. Carlson (OC'71), Elizabeth M. Carlson, and Sarah Carlson.

Carlson was a member of the First Church in Oberlin and the Oberlin City Club. Ellsworth Carlson died on 24 July 1999 at the Kendal Community in Oberlin after a long illness. Bobbie Carlson passed away on 16 February 2014.

SOURCES CONSULTED

Oberlin College Alumni and Faculty Files (RNG 31), the 1995 Oberlin College Alumni Directory, OCA, an interview with Ellsworth Carlson, 17 August 1998, and Carlson's Obituary Note, Oberlin News-Tribune, 27 July 1999. Bobbie Carlson’s obituary notice on the Oberlin Shansi Memorial Association website, 21 February 2014 by Director Gavin Tritt.

Author: Julie A. Petersen

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Administrative Information

Acquired: 1985. Accessions: 1985/025, 1993/106, 1998/056, 1999/088, 1999/109, 2001/058, 2001/059, 2006/085, 2008/039, 2009/004, 2011/088, 2012/007, 2012/054

Restrictions: Unrestricted, except for a student paper (reference only).

Acquisition Note: The papers of Ellsworth C. Carlson were deeded over to the Oberlin College Archives by Carlson himself under five separate accessions: 1985/025, 1993/106, 1998/056, 1999/88, and 1999/109. Additional material was given to the Archives in 2001, 2008 and 2009 by Florence Carlson (2001/058, 2008/039, 2009/004, 2011/088) and Carl W. Jacobson (2001/059). Digital copies of the 1940s films, made by a vendor for the Archives, were added in 2012. Accession 2012/054 of Shansi materials from Carl Jacobson's tenure as director included the digital surrogates on CD-ROMs described in Series XI, and the disbound album pages in that same series.

Related Materials: For correspondence files of Acting President Ellsworth Carlson see Robert Fuller Papers (2/10) Subgroup VI. For correspondence files of Ellsworth Carlson as Acting Provost and Provost, see the Provost Records (RG 4) Subgroup V, Series 4. For more information relating to the Oberlin Shansi Memorial Society and the Oberlin Band see RG 15. For a scrapbook of Florence Dunn's (Mrs. Ellsworth Carlson) student days at Oberlin College, 1936-40, see Scrapbooks and Diaries (RG 19/4).

Finding Aid Revisions: Processed by Julie A. Petersen, 18 August 1998. Revised by Archives staff, November 1999; June 2001; August 2001; Anne Cuyler Salsich, June 2011, February 2012, February-March 2014; revised September 2015.

Collection Material Type: Personal Papers

Scope and Contents:

The papers of Ellsworth C. Carlson document his undergraduate days at Oberlin College, his years as an Oberlin Shansi Memorial Association representative to China and Shansi board member, his professional contributions as a faculty exchange member, and his special interest in East Asian History. About one-third of this collection documents Carlson's service as a Shansi representative to China and OSMA board member correspondence. Of some significance are two (Chinese) maps, hand-written statistics, and tabular data compiled by Carlson (ca. 1941) tracing the Ming Hsien migrations after the Japanese invaded China in 1937 (see Series 3).

The collection has been arranged in twelve series: 1. Biographical Files; 2. Letters Sent Home (from Oberlin College); 3. Files Relating to OSMA; 4. Correspondence; 5. Miscellany; 6. Faculty and Student Exchanges; 7. Scholarly Publications; 8. Speeches and Talks; 9. Files of Florence “Bobbie” Carlson; 10. Files relating to The Oberlin Band: the Christian Mission in Shansi, 1882-1900 (Materials are arranged chronologically within folders), 11. Photographs and Albums, and 12. Moving Images.

Although a Professor of History at Oberlin College for over thirty years, documentation on his teaching at Oberlin College is very thin. For instance, no teaching files, other than those covering his faculty exchanges, are included in these papers.

Carlson's professional memberships were extensive, but no materials exist in this collection to document these contributions in a specific way. For the basic information that does exist, researchers should reference Series 1.

The initial accession (1985/025) contained duplicate copies of OSMA board member minutes (around 1.1 l.f.), which are found in RG 15: Records of the Oberlin Shansi Memorial Association.

A number of documents relating to Carlson's term as Provost and his Acting Presidency in 1970 and 1974 were also of a duplicate character. For reference to these papers, researchers should inquire about RG 2: Presidents, and RG 4: Office of the Provost. A succinct summary of a 1974 assembly talk given by Carlson as Acting President can be found in the Oberlin Alumni Magazine (Nov/Dec, 1974): 5-6.

Series 9 is devoted to the writings and correspondence of Florence “Bobbie” Dunn Carlson, Ellsworth’s spouse. Series 11, from Florence Carlson, consists of photographs documenting the couple’s life in China from 1939 to the 1940s, and a 1985 trip to the same locations.

Series 12 includes films taken in the 1940s by the Carlsons at Oberlin and Jintang, China.

SERIES DESCRIPTIONS

Series I. Biographical Files, 1939, 1941-42, 1955-56, 1958-63, 1967-70, 1973-75, 1977-82, 1999; 0.1 l.f. (4 folders)

This series contains primarily clippings and resume-like information on Carlson and serves as a good overview of Carlson's professional life. Arranged chronologically.

Series II. Letters Sent Home (from Oberlin College), 1935-39; 0.3 l.f. (4 folders)

Consists of over 150 letters Carlson wrote home to his parents, siblings, and friends during his undergraduate days at Oberlin College. Many of them detail what college life was like at the end of the Depression; for example, Carlson often writes about being personally short of money and not being able to find employment. Arranged chronologically.

Series III. Files Relating to OSMA, 1939-47, 1950, 1954-56, 1958-69, 1971-73, 1975-81; 1.0 l.f. (15 folders)

Documentation relating to Carlson's service to the Oberlin Shansi Memorial Association is substantial. Included are files as a young Shansi rep and as a member of the Shansi executive board. One folder contains a summary of the speech Carlson made at the Far Eastern Conference at Yale University (1964) detailing Oberlin's Shansi Program. For more detail on Carlson's involvement, researchers should reference RG 15: records of OSMA. Chronologically arranged.

Series IV. Correspondence, 1944, 1951-69, 1972-73, 1975-80, 1988; 0.3 l.f. (5 folders)

Consists primarily of miscellaneous professional correspondence. Included is a 1951 letter to President Truman asking that Dr. John Fairbank of Harvard University be granted one year to do research on Communism in Japan. Occasionally sprinkled with personal correspondence in the form of postcards, greeting cards, and letters from friends. Chronologically arranged.

Series V. Miscellany, 1965-66, 1968-69, n.d.; 0.1 l.f. (2 folders)

Contains an unpublished paper Carlson wrote while a graduate student at Harvard University: "The Problems of Mining Development in China During the Early Years of the Nanking Regime" (n.d.). Also contains one folder documenting Carlson's contributions to the Interim Judicial Board, 1965-66, 1968-69, n.d. Arranged chronologically.

Series VI. Faculty and Student Exchanges, 1956-58, 1964, 1967-68, 1977-80, n.d.; 0.4 l.f. (11 folders)

This series primarily documents Carlson's many faculty exchanges abroad. One folder documents the Oscar Edward Anderson Lectureship in History at Oberlin College -- a program Carlson helped pioneer in 1977 -- that brought History Professor Hunter Dupree (OC'40) to Oberlin in 1978. Included also here are two folders detailing Carlson's involvement with the People's Republic of China (PRC) Exchange programs during 1977-79. The first folder documents the re-initialization of exchanges between Oberlin College students and Chinese students. The second folder documents Carlson's membership in the Ohio College Association and the American/Chinese exchanges arranged through this state-wide organization. Chronologically arranged.

Series VII. Scholarly Publications, 1935, 1941, c.1943-44, 1949, 1961- 67, 1974-78, 1979-80, 1982-83; 0.2 l.f. (7 folders)

This series contains book reviews both of and by Carlson, reprints, correspondence and research notes for an article on Lydia Lord Davis written for the Autumn 1980 Oberlin Alumni Magazine, and miscellaneous publications such as a copy of "Oberlin in Asia" and "The Kailan Mines." Other than a typed draft of an unpublished biography on (Sarah) Luella Miner, only finished publications are included here. Chronologically arranged.

Series VIII. Speeches and Talks, 1953-56, 1959-67, 1969, 1977-80, 1985, n.d.; 0.4 l.f. (5 folders)

File contains internal as well as external speeches given over four decades. Purposes for speeches range from OSMA promotional talks to general educational presentations given outside the Oberlin College community. The audiences included Oberlin College students and staff, and external church groups, city groups, and clubs, mostly in and around Oberlin and Cleveland, Ohio. Topics centered on OSMA recruitment, East Asian studies and history, and issues of Communism. Chronologically arranged.

Series IX. Files of Florence "Bobbie" Carlson, 1940-42, 1949, 1952-68, 1973-75, 1981, 1992-93, 1999, ca. 2000, 2002, 2005, 2007-08; 0.4 l.f. (16 folders)

Consists of diaries, correspondence to family members and friends, condolences and testimonials from friends following the death of Ellsworth Carlson on 24 July 1999, and a student paper on Florence Carlson completed for a course at Oberlin in 2007. Also included is a letter and a brief work entitled "Chasing the One Minuet Quarter Mile" (24 November 1993) by former Oberlin College President Robert Fuller. Finally, Florence Carlson’s biography of Wu Yenching (son of Mark Wu, teacher at Ming Hsien) and a photograph of him date from 2005.

Series X. Files relating to The Oberlin Band: the Christian Mission in Shansi, 1882-1900, 1880-1940,1973, 1976, 2000; 0.9 l.f. (4 folders + 1 card file)

Consists of correspondence, pamphlets about China (including two in Chinese), photocopies of historical materials, and a card file of research notes. Also includes photographs of the Shanxi Province, Ming Hsien school, and members of the Oberlin Band. A copy of the manuscript is included in this series.

Series XI. Photographs and Albums, ca. 1937-49, 1953-56, 1985 (2.66 l.f.) (9 folders + 4 albums)

The photographs in this series document the Carlsons’ lives as Shansi representatives and workers in China from 1939 to the 1940s, and a 1985 trip to the former Shansi school locations. One album, compiled by Bobbie Carlson and entitled "Oberlin-in-Shansi: The War Years, 1937-1946," contains her original sketches as well as photographs. (This album was in the Shansi record group previous to 2014). Two other disbound albums date from 1957-58 and 1985. Also included are digital surrogates on two CD-ROMs that the Carlsons sent to the Shansi office in 2008 for the centennial celebration. These comprise surrogates of drawings from Bobbie's album of sketches and photographs, and of letters and other photographs dating from 1953-56.

Series XII. Moving Images, ca. 1940s, 2012 (0.6 l.f.)

Two 8mm color, silent films taken in the 1940s covering Bobbie Carlson in Oberlin at the Tank Home, and in Jintang, China with Ellsworth Carlson. The series includes copies of these films, on Digital Betacam and DVD made from the originals in 2011-12.

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